Abstract
Ethiopia, with a population exceeding 110 million, is Africa's second most populous country and the continent's fifth largest economy. However, only 54% of the population has access to electricity. The Ethiopian government aims to achieve 100% electricity access by 2030. This study analyses the household energy demand for cooking, appliances, and lighting from 2020 to 2050, using 2019 as the base year. The analysis reveals significant gaps in electricity access and underscores the need for comprehensive data to develop a long-term, holistic energy demand model. Key findings indicate that the current energy infrastructure is inadequate to meet future demand, especially in rural areas. The household sector, which consumes a substantial portion of electricity, will see increasing demand driven by population growth and economic development. To address these challenges, the study recommends substantial investments in energy infrastructure, including the expansion of the national grid and the promotion of renewable energy sources. Additionally, the development of context-specific energy policies that consider local needs and conditions is crucial. Enhancing data collection and quality is essential for accurate demand forecasting and effective policy planning. These measures are vital for Ethiopia to meet its goal of universal electricity access and to support sustainable development.
